What's a rare blood type?
2023-12-06
Rare blood types are those that appear less frequently in the global population, with a proportion of no more than 1%. Blood type refers to the combination of specific antigens and antibodies in human blood. It can be divided into four types: A, B, AB, and O, and further classified into negative and positive blood types based on the presence of Rh factor.
The World Health Organization reports that the most common blood type in the world is type O, accounting for approximately 42% of the population, followed by type A at 27%, type B at 11%, and type AB at 9%. Rare blood types make up only about 1%.
What qualifies as a rare blood type? AB, Rh negative, and other uncommon types such as Rh negative AB are considered rare globally. AB, with its unique antigen and antibody combination, accounts for only around 4% worldwide, making it the most uncommon. Rh negative blood types are even scarcer, accounting for only about 15%.
Although rare blood types are not prevalent in the population, they hold great significance for individuals. Firstly, the limited availability of rare blood types makes it challenging to find a perfect match for transfusions. Secondly, the unique combination of antigens and antibodies in rare blood types can impact an individual's health. For example, individuals with type AB may experience rejection during organ transplants if incompatible with ABO.
Why do rare blood types exist? This is due to human evolution and genetic variation. As people evolved and migrated, genetic variations occurred in different populations, leading to various blood types. In some regions, rare blood types may also arise from genetic mixing. Additionally, genetic factors can also contribute, such as both parents having Rh negative blood types, resulting in their children also having Rh negative blood types.
Overall, rare blood types may be less common, but their understanding is essential for individuals to protect their health. It is also crucial to respect and acknowledge individuals with different blood types, creating a harmonious society.
